This week we are continuing our study in the book of Genesis with chapters 21-22, and the long awaited arrival of the Promised Son, and the near departure of that son at Mount Moriah. In chapter 22 we will see one of the most vivid pictures (typology) of Jesus and what He would do centuries later. This study will help us understand the history and importance of not only the faithfulness of God through His Covenant Promise, but the love He has for His people as seen in His love for Abraham and Isaac, and the intense picture of what was to come.
Defending our faith and developing a Biblical worldview based on our understanding of God’s Word takes time and practice, and must be part of a lifetime commitment we make to the LORD. It should form our purpose and identity in everyday life as we grow closer to our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, modeling Him to our family, friends and neighbors. As Christians, it is more important than ever to know what we believe, and why we believe it, and then apply that to who we are on a consistent basis, and this can only be done if we know Jesus and what His Word teaches.
All class sessions include a time for prayer and reflection, a presentation, and a Bible study section. You will find the presentation overview and Bible study questions below with basic answers for your review and, or to use as a leader’s guide.
Watch this week’s presentation:
Presentation
Foundations Bible Study
Genesis Chapters 21-22
OPEN AND REVIEW
Prayer cards: Take a minute and write your name on the index card provided, and add any special prayer request you might have. Exchange cards at the end of the class.
Review:
- What did we learn about God’s hesed for Abraham and Lot in chapters 19-20 (even though there are consequences from our actions)?
- What is our focus verse, why is it important, and what other Covenants does it relate to?
Focus verse
THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT
“Now the Lord said to Abram,
“Go forth from your country,
And from your relatives
And from your father’s house,
To the land which I will show you;
2 And I will make you a great nation,
And I will bless you,
And make your name great;
And so you shall be a blessing;
3 And I will bless those who bless you,
And the one who curses you I will curse.
And in you all the families of the earth will be blessed.” “ Genesis 12:1-3 (NASB)
Three Parts of the Covenant:
- Land
- Nation
- Blessing – (relates to the Seed Promise)
God’s Covenant Promise of Messiah, fulfilled in Jesus
Following the Seed Promise of Messiah:
1.Genesis 3:15 – The Adamic Covenant (The Seed Promise begins the scarlet thread)
2.Genesis 6:18 – Noahic Covenant (the Seed Promise carried through the Great Flood, and also affirmed in the “Rainbow Promise” of Genesis 9:8-17)
3.Genesis 12:1-3 – Abrahamic Covenant (Unfolds the Seed Promise with the blessing to come)
4.Genesis 26:3-5 – Promise goes through Isaac (the Abrahamic Covenant passed on to this son of promise)
5.Genesis 28:13-15 – Promise goes on through Jacob/Israel (Seed promise expanded to a Nation)
6.Genesis 49:8-12 – Promise will come through the tribe of Judah (Seed will have the Scepter forever)
7.2 Samuel 7:12-16/1 Chronicles 17:11-14 – Davidic Covenant (The Seed Promise will be a King forever from the line of David)
8.Jeremiah 31:31-34 – The Promise of a New Covenant to come (Seed Promise to be fulfilled)
9.Luke 22:14-20 – Fulfillment of the New Covenant by Jesus (Seed Promise fulfilled in Jesus)
10.1 Corinthians 11:23-26 – The New Covenant repeated and confirmed by the Apostles and early believers
11.Hebrews 9:15 – The reason Jesus is the fulfilment of the New Covenant (Hebrews 8-10 for a deeper study on Jesus’ fulfillment of all that was promised concerning Messiah/Seed Promise)
12.Revelation 1:7 – “Behold, He is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all tribes of the earth will wail on account of him. Even so. Amen.”
Chapter Reading for Step #3: Context
– What does it say?
Chapter 21
- 21:1-7
- 21:8-14
- 21:15-21
- 21:22-27
- 21:28-34
Discuss (summarize) the chapter
(Genesis 21:1-21) In this chapter, the long-awaited son of the promise is born. What is his name and what does it mean? Discuss: What happened that caused Sarah to drive out Hagar and Ishmael, how did God help them and where did they end up? What did God say to reassure Abraham, and why?
21 Then the Lord took note of Sarah as He had said, and the Lord did for Sarah as He had promised. 2 So Sarah conceived and bore a son to Abraham in his old age, at the appointed time of which God had spoken to him. 3 Abraham called the name of his son who was born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac. 4 Then Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him. 5 Now Abraham was one hundred years old when his son Isaac was born to him. 6 Sarah said, “God has made laughter for me; everyone who hears will laugh with me.” 7 And she said, “Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children? Yet I have borne him a son in his old age.” 8 The child grew and was weaned, and Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned. 9 Now Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, mocking. 10 Therefore she said to Abraham, “Drive out this maid and her son, for the son of this maid shall not be an heir with my son Isaac.” 11 The matter distressed Abraham greatly because of his son. 12 But God said to Abraham, “Do not be distressed because of the lad and your maid; whatever Sarah tells you, listen to her, for through Isaac your descendants shall be named. 13 And of the son of the maid I will make a nation also, because he is your descendant.” 14 So Abraham rose early in the morning and took bread and a skin of water and gave them to Hagar, putting them on her shoulder, and gave her the boy, and sent her away. And she departed and wandered about in the wilderness of Beersheba. 15 When the water in the skin was used up, she left the boy under one of the bushes. 16 Then she went and sat down opposite him, about a bowshot away, for she said, “Do not let me see the boy die.” And she sat opposite him, and lifted up her voice and wept. 17 God heard the lad crying; and the angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and said to her, “What is the matter with you, Hagar? Do not fear, for God has heard the voice of the lad where he is. 18 Arise, lift up the lad, and hold him by the hand, for I will make a great nation of him.” 19 Then God opened her eyes and she saw a well of water; and she went and filled the skin with water and gave the lad a drink. 20 God was with the lad, and he grew; and he lived in the wilderness and became an archer. 21 He lived in the wilderness of Paran, and his mother took a wife for him from the land of Egypt.
- Isaac = laughter
Abraham and Sarah both laughed, in different ways, about the fact that they would have a son in their old age – Isaac is a happy name, like it’s unbelievable! It’s like “wow”!
What happened:
- At the time Isaac was weaned (most ancient cultures weaned anywhere from age 2 to 4) and Abraham gave a great feast – a party. Sarah saw Ishmael mocking Isaac (making fun of) – we could imagine it was similar to what any older brother might do to make fun of his younger brother – but it seems this was probably in mean way. Sarah then asked Abraham to drive out Hagar and Ishmael.
- Note: Ishmael had to be a minimum of 14-15 years old because the Bible tells us that he was 13 when Isaac was born; and he could have been as old as 17-18 – all depending on where his and Isaac’s birthdays fell, and at what age they actually weaned Isaac.
What God said to Abraham:
- God agreed that Sarah was right in her request to send them out, but God reassured Abraham by telling him, in vs. 12-13, “Do not be distressed because of the lad and your maid; whatever Sarah tells you, listen to her, for through Isaac your descendants shall be named. And of the son of the maid I will make a nation also because he is your descendant.”
- God was still keeping His promise to Abraham, even through Ishmael, to make him a great nation too, but the Covenant Promise (from Ch. 12 and 15) was to go specifically to and through Isaac.
- Abraham could then trust that God would not let them die in the wilderness. If Ishmael had stayed, then the controversy would remain about who was deserving of Abraham’s inheritance, blessing and most importantly, God’s Promise in the Covenant.
- Culturally speaking,what Abraham did in the way he sent them off, was a way of saying they were now officially cut off from him.
Note: Ishmael is considered to be the father of the Arab Nation. His line would later mix with Esau (Jacob’s brother) as Esau would marry one of Ishmael’s daughters (Ch. 28). History will show that the descendants of Isaac – the Nation of Israel, and the descendants of Ishmael – The Arab Nation, will continuously battle for everything including land and religious heritage rights through Abraham – The Islamic religion teaches that Ishmael was the promised son, not Isaac and they tell the story we have in chapter 22 as being Ishmael, not Isaac. Today we still see conflicts between the Jews and Arabs in various parts of the world and especially in the Middle East.
(Genesis 21:22-34) What covenant did Abraham make with Abimelech and why? Going deeper: Give an example where the following names come up later on in the Bible, and in what context: Beersheba and Philistines
22Now it came about at that time that Abimelech and Phicol, the commander of his army, spoke to Abraham, saying, “God is with you in all that you do; 23 now therefore, swear to me here by God that you will not deal falsely with me or with my offspring or with my posterity, but according to the kindness that I have shown to you, you shall show to me and to the land in which you have sojourned.” 24 Abraham said, “I swear it.” 25 But Abraham complained to Abimelech because of the well of water which the servants of Abimelech had seized. 26 And Abimelech said, “I do not know who has done this thing; you did not tell me, nor did I hear of it until today.” 27 Abraham took sheep and oxen and gave them to Abimelech, and the two of them made a covenant. 28 Then Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock by themselves. 29 Abimelech said to Abraham, “What do these seven ewe lambs mean, which you have set by themselves?” 30 He said, “You shall take these seven ewe lambs from my hand so that it may be a witness to me, that I dug this well.” 31 Therefore he called that place Beersheba, because there the two of them took an oath. 32 So they made a covenant at Beersheba; and Abimelech and Phicol, the commander of his army, arose and returned to the land of the Philistines. 33 Abraham planted a tamarisk tree at Beersheba, and there he called on the name of the Lord, the Everlasting God. 34 And Abraham sojourned in the land of the Philistines for many days.
- Abimelech saw that “God was with Abraham in all that he did” (v. 22) so he did not want to have any problems in the future with Abraham’s clan, so he asked Abraham to swear an oath (covenant) that they would deal kindly and fairly with each other in the land. This covenant also included the well at Beersheba that was agreed to be Abraham’s.
- Extra: Tamarisk trees provided salt for the animals (example in verse 33).
From gotquestions.org:
Beersheba:
- Beersheba was a city in ancient Israel in the southern part of the land. To the south of Beersheba was the Negev Desert, so Beersheba marked the southernmost boundary of cultivated land in Israel. The proverbial phrase from Dan to Beershebais used nine times in the Old Testament to describe whole of the Promised Land—Dan being in the north, and Beersheba in the south (Judges 20:1; 1 Samuel 3:20; 2 Samuel 3:10; 17:11; 24:2, 15; 1 Kings 4:25; 1 Chronicles 21:2; 2 Chronicles 30:5). The distance from Dan to Beersheba was about 270 miles.
- Beersheba was a place where several people came into contact with God. Isaac (Genesis 26:24) and Jacob (Genesis 46:2) both heard from God in dreams they had at Beersheba. Hagar (Genesis 21:17) and Elijah (1 Kings 19:5) were in the wilderness of Beersheba when God spoke to them.
- Beersheba can be seen as symbolizing those events in our lives that cause us to call upon the name of the Lord. Tragedy strikes, heartaches happen, and the Lord shows Himself strong on our behalf (2 Chronicles 16:9). The date or place where we experienced a turning point becomes a memorial in our hearts, much as Beersheba’s altar, well, and tamarisk tree were to Abraham and Isaac. When God reveals His will to us or rescues us in some way, we can create a personal “Beersheba” in our hearts. Then, when times of doubt or conflict come, we can return there over and over in our hearts for assurance that God is fulfilling His plan.
Philistines:
- The Philistines were an aggressive, warmongering people who occupied territory southwest of Israel between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. The name “Philistine” comes from the Hebrew word Philistia, and the Greek rendering of the name, palaistinei, gives us the modern name “Palestine.” The Philistines are first recorded in Scripture in the Table of Nations, a list of the patriarchal founders of seventy nations descended from Noah (Genesis 10:14). It is thought that the Philistines originated in Caphtor, the Hebrew name for the island of Crete and the whole Aegean region (Amos 9:7; Jeremiah 47:4). For unknown reasons, they migrated from that region to the Mediterranean coast near Gaza. Because of their maritime history, the Philistines are often associated with the “Sea Peoples.” The Bible records that the Philistines had contact with both Abraham and Isaac as early as 2000 B.C. (Genesis 21:32, 34; 26:1, 8).
- From the very beginning, the Philistines were either allies or deadly enemies of God’s people. They played a pivotal role in the lives of Samson (Judges 13:1; 14:1), Samuel (1 Samuel 4:1), Saul (1 Samuel 13:4), and David (1 Samuel 17:23).
- With the exception of Jeremiah chapter 47, there are very few prophetic references to the Philistines. In the end, the Philistines were assimilated into Canaanite culture. They eventually disappeared from the biblical record and from history altogether, leaving behind the name “Palestine” as a testimony of their existence.
Chapter Reading for Step #3: Context
– What does it say?
Chapter 22
- 22:1-8
- 22:9-14
- 22:15-19
- 22:20-23
Discuss (summarize) the chapter
(Genesis 22:1-19) Summarize the story of “the offering of Isaac.” Make a list of how many things you see pictured in this story that foreshadow Jesus and the events of the crucifixion.
22 Now it came about after these things, that God tested Abraham, and said to him, “Abraham!” And he said, “Here I am.” 2 He said, “Take now your son, your only son, whom you love, Isaac, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains of which I will tell you.” 3 So Abraham rose early in the morning and saddled his donkey, and took two of his young men with him and Isaac his son; and he split wood for the burnt offering, and arose and went to the place of which God had told him. 4 On the third day Abraham raised his eyes and saw the place from a distance. 5 Abraham said to his young men, “Stay here with the donkey, and I and the lad will go over there; and we will worship and return to you.” 6 Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it on Isaac his son, and he took in his hand the fire and the knife. So the two of them walked on together. 7 Isaac spoke to Abraham his father and said, “My father!” And he said, “Here I am, my son.” And he said, “Behold, the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?” 8 Abraham said, “God will provide for Himself the lamb for the burnt offering, my son.” So the two of them walked on together. 9Then they came to the place of which God had told him; and Abraham built the altar there and arranged the wood, and bound his son Isaac and laid him on the altar, on top of the wood. 10 Abraham stretched out his hand and took the knife to slay his son. 11 But the angel of the Lord called to him from heaven and said, “Abraham, Abraham!” And he said, “Here I am.” 12 He said, “Do not stretch out your hand against the lad, and do nothing to him; for now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your only son, from Me.” 13 Then Abraham raised his eyes and looked, and behold, behind him a ram caught in the thicket by his horns; and Abraham went and took the ram and offered him up for a burnt offering in the place of his son. 14 Abraham called the name of that place The Lord Will Provide, as it is said to this day, “In the mount of the Lord it will be provided.” 15 Then the angel of the Lord called to Abraham a second time from heaven, 16 and said, “By Myself I have sworn, declares the Lord, because you have done this thing and have not withheld your son, your only son, 17 indeed I will greatly bless you, and I will greatly multiply your [e]seed as the stars of the heavens and as the sand which is on the seashore; and your seed shall possess the gate of their enemies. 18 In your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessed, because you have obeyed My voice.” 19 So Abraham returned to his young men, and they arose and went together to Beersheba; and Abraham lived at Beersheba. Genesis 22:1-19
Story summary (and emphasis):
- In chapter 22 God asks Abraham to take and offer Isaac up as a sacrifice. Abraham does so in faith, without question. They traveled three days to Mt. Moriah. Upon arrival Isaac questions where the sacrificial lamb is, and Abraham tells him that God will provide (YHWH Yireh). It seems that Isaac was a willing participant, and just before Abraham puts the knife to Isaac God stops him and does provide a ram instead, and God again confirms His covenant with Abraham.
- Notice the wording in verse 2: “Take now your son, your only son, whom you love, Isaac, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains of which I will tell you.”
- And in verses 8 and 14: Abraham said, “God will provide for Himself the lamb for the burnt offering, my son.”14 Abraham called the name of that place The Lord Will Provide, as it is said to this day, “In the mount of the Lord it will be provided.”
- In the Hebrews’ passage we read, in addition to the praise of Abraham’s great faith, that, in verse 19: “He considered that God is able to raise people even from the dead, from which he also received him back as a type.”
- This chapter gives us one of the most vivid pictures, or foreshadows, of what God would do with His Son, His one and only Son, JESUS!
Here is an example list of some things we see pictured in this chapter concerning Jesus:
- The angels brought the good news of Isaac’s pending birth
- There was a lot of anticipation in the expected birth of Isaac
- Isaac’s birth was miraculous
- The father’s suffering is demonstrated through Abraham
- Isaac carried the wood on his back
- Mt. Moriah’s shoulder is Golgotha
- Isaac willingly submitted to the father (Abraham)
- Isaac was older, maybe somewhere between the ages of 25 and 35 (possibly 33?)
- The ram provided by God simulates the substitutionary atonement
- Abraham spoke prophetically saying “God will provide Himself the lamb for a burnt-offering.” (22:8 KJV/ASV/RSV/CJB/OJB)
- The three-day journey symbolizes the three days in the grave
- Abraham’s faith showed belief that God could raise Isaac from the dead
- The lamb provided by God was a substitute that symbolized the resurrection of Isaac (Cross-reference Hebrews 11:17-19)
- “The word love first occurs in the Bible in Genesis 22:2 in the context of a father of a miraculously born son offering that son in sacrifice!” -Skip Hetzig
- Some scholars have listed over 100 similarities in the life Isaac as a foreshadow to Jesus.
Additional thoughts and speculations: (gotquestions.org; Skip Hetzig; Steven Armstrong – Verse by Verse Ministries)
The age of Isaac:
- The Bible doesn’t specify how old Isaac was when he and his father made their trip to Moriah for the sacrifice, and because of Scripture’s silence on the matter, we must conclude that knowing Isaac’s age does not affect our understanding of the passage or grasp of the lesson that God wanted.
Speculations:
- The term boy or ladused to refer to Isaac (Genesis 21:5, 12) is translated from a flexible Hebrew term that does not necessarily refer to a young boy (same as the one used for Ismael earlier).
- Some limits are suggested by the chronology of Sarah’s life: Sarah gave birth to Isaac when she was 90 years old (Genesis 17:17). Sarah sent Ishmael away (sometime before the incident at Moriah) after Isaac was “weaned” (Genesis 21:8–10). Generally, weaning took place somewhere between the ages of 2 and 5. Sarah died (sometime after the incident at Moriah) at the age of 127. This means Isaac was older than 4 or 5 and younger than 36 or 37 when he was [nearly] offered as a sacrifice. The phrases a long timein Genesis 21:34 and some time later in Genesis 22:1 suggest that a substantial amount of time elapsed between Isaac’s birth and the trip to Moriah. So, Isaac was certainly not an older man when he was to be offered as a sacrifice, but neither was he a toddler.
- Probably the most useful clue to how old Isaac was is Genesis 22:6. As they climb the mountain, Isaac is the one carrying the large pile of wood. Wood enough for a burnt sacrifice would have been fairly heavy. This fact tells us Isaac wasn’t a small child, he was at least a healthy teenager. Isaac’s age also adds an interesting dimension to the story. If he was strong enough to carry the wood up the mountain, then he was probably strong enough to resist being sacrificed and fend off Abraham if he had wanted to. The fact that Isaac allowed himself to be bound and placed on the altar (verse 9) shows that Isaac continued to trust his father (As Jesus did).
- Several commentators have weighed in on the question of how old Isaac was when he was to be sacrificed: 18 to 20 years old (Leupold, 1:625); 25 years old (Josephus, 1.13.2); about 33 years old (Adam Clarke, 1:140); and over 20 years old (Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown, p. 29).
(Genesis 22:1-19) Discuss: What do you think Abraham felt during this time, and what was said about him in the book of Hebrews? Cross-reference by reading Hebrews 11:1-18 (focus on verses 17-18).
“Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen. 2 For by it the men of old gained approval. 3 By faith we understand that the worlds were prepared by the word of God, so that what is seen was not made out of things which are visible. 4 By faith Abel offered to God a better sacrifice than Cain, through which he obtained the testimony that he was righteous, God testifying about his gifts, and through faith, though he is dead, he still speaks. 5 By faith Enoch was taken up so that he would not see death; and he was not found because God took him up; for he obtained the witness that before his being taken up he was pleasing to God. 6 And without faith it is impossible to please Him, for he who comes to God must believe that He is and that He is a rewarder of those who seek Him. 7 By faith Noah, being warned by God about things not yet seen, in reverence prepared an ark for the salvation of his household, by which he condemned the world, and became an heir of the righteousness which is according to faith.
8 By faith Abraham, when he was called, obeyed by going out to a place which he was to receive for an inheritance; and he went out, not knowing where he was going. 9 By faith he lived as an alien in the land of promise, as in a foreign land, dwelling in tents with Isaac and Jacob, fellow heirs of the same promise; 10 for he was looking for the city which has foundations, whose architect and builder is God. 11 By faith even Sarah herself received ability to conceive, even beyond the proper time of life, since she considered Him faithful who had promised. 12 Therefore there was born even of one man, and him as good as dead at that, as many descendants as the stars of heaven in number, and innumerable as the sand which is by the seashore.
13 All these died in faith, without receiving the promises, but having seen them and having welcomed them from a distance, and having confessed that they were strangers and exiles on the earth. 14 For those who say such things make it clear that they are seeking a country of their own. 15 And indeed if they had been thinking of that country from which they went out, they would have had opportunity to return. 16 But as it is, they desire a better country, that is, a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God; for He has prepared a city for them.
17 By faith Abraham, when he was tested, offered up Isaac, and he who had received the promises was offering up his only begotten son; 18 it was he to whom it was said, “In Isaac your descendants shall be called.” 19 He considered that God is able to raise people even from the dead, from which he also received him back as a type.” Hebrews 11:1-19
“But someone may well say, “You have faith and I have works; show me your faith without the works, and I will show you my faith by my works.” You believe that God is one. You do well; the demons also believe, and shudder. But are you willing to recognize, you foolish fellow, that faith without works is useless? Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered up Isaac his son on the altar? You see that faith was working with his works, and as a result of the works, faith was perfected; and the Scripture was fulfilled which says, “And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness,” and he was called the friend of God. You see that a man is justified by works and not by faith alone.” James 2:18-24 (NASB)
(Key word here is justified, not saved. Works comes after salvation as evidence of a saved life, not the means to one).
(Genesis 22:20-24) In this section we are suddenly given a genealogy of Abraham’s brother Nahor. Discuss: What do you think was the reason for this information at this point in the story, and is there a name you recognize that comes up later on?
20 Now it came about after these things, that it was told Abraham, saying, “Behold, Milcah also has borne children to your brother Nahor: 21 Uz his firstborn and Buz his brother and Kemuel the father of Aram 22 and Chesed and Hazo and Pildash and Jidlaph and Bethuel.” 23 Bethuel became the father of Rebekah; these eight Milcah bore to Nahor, Abraham’s brother. 24 His concubine, whose name was Reumah, also bore Tebah and Gaham and Tahash and Maacah.
- Rebekah – She will prove to be an important figure in the lineage of Jesus because she will become the wife of Isaac, and the mother of Jacob (and Esau). She is the grand-daughter of Abraham’s brother Nahor, daughter of his son Bethuel, (brother of Laban), making her Abrahams great niece.
Step #5: Application for chapters 21-22
– How do I use what I have learned?
Answers will vary…
HOMEWORK
Read Genesis chapters 23-24, then answer the following questions:
- (Genesis 23:1-20) The culture of that day was one of respect, yet bargaining was expected (as it is in most of the Middle East still today). What happened that caused Abraham to want to find land to buy? Discuss: Abraham would now own property in the Promised Land. Why do you think that might be important later on?
- (Genesis 24:1-67) In this chapter Isaac and Rebekah are married. What are some things that happened in this story that show God was intervening to make Abraham’s servant successful?
- Why do you think it was important for Isaac to get a wife from Abraham’s relatives and not from the local Canaanites?
- Going Deeper: Are there any parts of this story that might be a foreshadow of something greater?
Application for chapters 23-24
– How do I use what I have learned?
Please continue to join us each week for Foundations Bible Study and the book of Genesis!
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You will not find this material in the public school curriculum even though it is based on solid evidence and grounded in research. It is ironic that following the evidence to where it leads stops at the door of our public schools as they will not let a “Divine footprint” in! Join us as we examine evidence for Christianity and learn how to become a thoughtful defender and ambassador of your faith.
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Teri Dugan
TeriDugan@truthfaithandreason.com
1 Peter 3:15


